Final Exam study guide

1.Your desktop should have an icon named server drives, you click it once and go to your Student drive in order to view all of the server drives. Once is entitled  Jstudents, you click it  and then choose the period that you have this class in and  there should be a folder with your name on it.
2. We often use blogger in class in order for us students to get online and get more information about the assignments we receive. We write up a blog answering the questions the teacher asks us.
3.We use a regular oatmeal can, and first remove everything inside of it. We then use a black construction paper and make sure it takes up all of the space along the can and making sure there are no spots that aren't covered in black. Then, we use the lid and put a black construction paper on the bottom and along the sides of the lid. After that we cut a small square on the can and place a smooth tin foil inside the can but along the opposite side of where the small square was cut. We then use a small needle and poke a whole inside the cut out square. We use the other square that we cut out and use it as a flap to cover up the square with the hole. Using tape we make sure it is a pretty good flap. We then place a white sheet of paper inside on the opposite side of where the small square is and then we're done.

4. The paper inside your camera responds to light. So when you take the picture you open the flap for a certain amount of time letting the light in. This then transfers the image onto the paper so when develop the photo it shows up.

5. 5a.  Rule of thirds-Imagine that your image is divided into nine equal segments by two vertical and two horizontal lines, this adds balance and interest to your photo.

5b. Balancing Elements- You should balance the 'weight' of your subject by including another object of lesser importance to fill the space.

5c. Leading Lines- By thinking about how you place lines in your composition, you can affect the way we view the image, pulling us into the picture, towards the subject, or on a journey 'through' the scene.

5d. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)- They can make for very eye-catching compositions, particularly in situations where they are not expected. Another great way to use them is to break the symmetry or pattern in some way, introducing tension and a focal point to the scene.

5e. Viewpoint- Rather than just shooting from eye level, consider photographing from high above, down at ground level, from the side, from the back, from a long way away, from very close up, and so on.

5f. Background/simplicity- look around for a plain and unobtrusive background and compose your shot so that it doesn't distract or detract from the subject.

5g. Create depth- You can create depth in a photo by including objects in the foreground, middle ground and background.

5h. Framing-By placing these around the edge of the composition you help to isolate the main subject from the outside world. The result is a more focused image which draws your eye naturally to the main point of interest.

5i. Cropping-By cropping tight around the subject you eliminate the background 'noise', ensuring the subject gets the viewer's undivided attention.

5j. Mergers and avoiding them-You can be sure the camera always sees mergers, so look for plain backgrounds before you pose your subject.


6. Explain how action and emotion impact a photograph- Action and emotion impact a photograph greatly. They add more interest to a photo and makes the viewer ask more questions and look more into the photo.

7. Explain how a photo can "tell a story"- A photo can tell a story by using emotions and actions, Like photographs at parties, weddings, graduation etc. All of these events tell a story when a photo is taken at that place.

8. Explain what the word "multimedia" means and share some examples of how we have seen them in class (on the blog)Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. In class they were used in many of the slide shows.




10. Explain how "strong action" verbs enhance a caption
Strong action verbs enhance a caption by giving an explanation to what is really happening.

11. Explain how ethics come into play in regards to photojournalism and compare and contrast this with fashion photography. You really need to get the idea that changing photos to fit a need or to make something look like something else is VERY unacceptable in photojournalism.
Ethics should not be used in photojournalism due to the fact that they are very misleading. This is wrong when you are trying to tell a true story. In fashion photography this is used greatly to encourage the selling of products.

12. Explain the difference between a portrait and a self portrait.
Portrait is taken of somebody else while self portrait is taken by you.

13. Explain what characteristics of a good portrait are.
A good portrait is in focus, has good exposure, and uses composition rules.

14. Explain what the major differences are between newspaper and yearbook.
The major differences in newspaper and yearbook are: newspaper is for things going on recently around school and has things like interviews and articles in which you can read. While yearbook is main things that happen through out the whole year. There is more photographs involved in Yearbook than in newspaper.



1. Aperture- A circle-shaped opening in a lens (a hole, really) through which light passes to strike the image sensor or the film. The aperture is usually created by an iris diaphragm that is adjustable, enabling the aperture to be made uniformly wider or narrower, thereby letting in more or less light. The size of the aperture is expressed as an f-number, like f/8 or f/11.

2. Shutter- A movable cover for an opening. In photography, that opening is the lens - more specifically, the aperture. The shutter blocks the passage of light traveling through the lens to the film when it is closed, and allows light to reach the film when it is open. Shutters are composed of blades, a curtain, a plate or another movable cover. They control the amount of time that light is allowed to pass through the opening to reach the film.

3. Exposure- (1) Exposure occurs when light is permitted to strike a digital camera's image sensor or a traditional camera's film - i.e. when the sensor/film is exposed to light. (2) Exposure is the total amount of light striking the sensor/film or other photographic material. (3) Also refers to a combination of shutter speed and aperture used in exposing the sensor/film in a camera, as in “My light meter shows an exposure (or an exposure reading) of 1/125 second at ƒ/11.” A particular aperture and shutter speed combinations are often referred to as “exposure settings.” “Proper exposure” refers to exposure that produces an image satisfactory to the photographer

4. F-stop- A lens aperture setting calibrated to an f-number

5. Single lens reflex- A camera with one lens only for both viewing and picture-taking. The image is reflected onto a viewing screen by a moveable mirror in the camera. The mirror flips out of the way just before the shutter opens, permitting light to strike the film.

6. Negative- An image in which the brightness values are reversed - that is, reproduced so that the lightest areas are the darkest, the darkest areas are the lightest, and intermediate tones are similarly reversed. "Negative” commonly refers to such an image on exposed and developed photographic film that is intended for use in making positive prints of the image.

7. Positive- Opposite of a negative - An image, such as print or a slide, with the same tonal values and colors as the original scene.

8. Contact sheet- A contact print made from several negatives at one time, usually an entire roll or whatever number of frames will fit on the print paper. The negatives actually come in "contact" with the printing paper, or as close as possible to the print paper when in a contact-printer negative holder.

9. Agitation- Gentle movement of liquid photo-processing chemicals (developer, stop-bath, fixer) during processing of film or paper in order to achieve uniform results.

10. Enlarger- An adjustable light projection device used in a darkroom to project an enlarged image from a negative through a lens onto photographic paper in various degrees of enlargement.

11. Stop bath- An acid bath or rinse (usually a weak solution of acetic acid) for stopping the action of a developer before fixing a negative or print.

12. Fixer- The chemical solution used for fixation. It removes any photo-sensitive silver-halide crystals that were not acted upon by light or by the developer.

13. Safe light- A lamp, typically in a darkroom, that allows a person to view light-sensitive material without it being altered by the light. The lamp is generally coated with or enclosed in a partially-translucent filter that screens out light rays to which the film or paper are sensitive.

14. Burning- Also known as "Printing in." In a darkroom, providing extra exposure to an area of the print to make it darker, while blocking light from the rest of the print.

15. Dodging- Blocking a portion of the light when printing a photograph or manipulating a digital image so that an area of the image will be made lighter.

Portraits and self-portraits - start looking

A good photo is something that shows some sort of expression or brings feelings to the viewer. It has good composition and is aesthetically pleasing to the eye, the subject is the main focus and you wonder a lot of things about the photo. The exposure is great and the tone depicts what kind of feeling you want the photo to have.

My first print.

1.) Is anything in sharp focus? The hair is in sharp focus
a.) Describe what is in focus and what is not. the hair and the shirt are focused and the background like the other desks are not in focus.
b.) If not in focus, state the cause.

2.) Is there good contrast? (Look for the blacks and whites in the photo)? Yes there is good contrast. you can tell with the backpack and the t shirt.
a.) If no, state the probable cause?

3.) Are all the rules followed? (Is the photo candid? Does the subject fill the frame? Does the photo contain action? Does it follow composition rules? Does it show "academics"?) Yes the photo is candid, the subject somewhat fills the frame except for part of the head. It shows the rule of thirds.
a.) If yes, explain what techniques were used and how you followed them in your photo.
I made sure there was space next to the student by putting him to the side of the photo.
b.) If no, how will you correct this next time?

4.) Is there yellowing or are there spots on the print?No there isn't any yellowing or spots on the print.
a.) If yes, what caused it/them?

5.) Are there print rings or spots?
a.) If yes, state the probable cause.

6.) Are your negatives, contact sheet, test strip and print stored in your folder?
a.) If no, explain why.
Yes

Caption:

Who is in the photo? (For this assignment only, if you don't know, you may make up a name. For the next photo shoot, your subject MUST have the correct name.)
Mohamed.
What are they doing?
He is working on his assignment.
Where are they?
He is a white male.
When is this happening?
This was happening during the morning.
Why are they doing this? He is doing this because he needs to finish his assignment.

Mohamed is working on his speech that he has to present in class because it's due the next time he has that class. He was concentrated with his work and avoiding other students from distracting him.

Ethics in fashion photography

1. List the changes that were made to the model's face in the computer. (Look carefully)
The model's neck was made longer, her hair was moved, her eyes were made larger and moved, her face was made thinner, and the color was evened.
2. Is it ethically acceptable to change a person's appearance like this in a photo? Why or why not?
It is not ethically acceptable to change a person's appearance like in this photo because it gives the viewer a false image of reality. Completely changing a person's image therefore having girls and other woman idolizing something that's not real.
3. Are there circumstances in which it would be more ethically wrong to do this type of manipulation?
It might be more ethically wrong to do this type of manipulation if the advertisement actually said the photo was completely unaltered and it was a result of the product that they were selling.
4. What types of changes are OK, and what aren't?
Changes that don't distort the viewers idea of what is taking place are ok. Such as, manipulation that makes the photo clearer or fixes up the lighting.
5. Explain what you think the differences are between fashion photography and photojournalism.
I think the difference between fashion photography and photojournalism are that in fashion photography the models are worked on as well as their photos altered whereas in photojournalism photos are taken in an unaltered setting and possibly edited or manipulated later.
6. What relationship does each type of photography have to reality, and how does this affect the ethical practice of each?
Photojournalism is related to reality in the sense that it grasps in photos what is taking place in the world around us. In fashion photography it relates to reality in the sense that it shows how we view beauty and how people think reality should be. This affects the ethical practice of each in the sense that they have to be careful of whether what they are changing will completely distort their intent by their photo and if it is an honest photo.

Negatives Evaluation

Answer the following questions on your blog regarding how your negatives turned out:

1. From looking at your negatives, how many of your photos do you think turned out well? I think  most of them except like one or two turned out well

2. How many of your photos appear like they will not turn out well? Why do you think these photos did not turn out (Ex: Over/under exposed, not focused, bad composition)? One of them probably didn't turn out well, Mainly because of bad composition and over exposure.

3. Select the negative image that you think will turn out the best when it is printed. Why do you think this photo will turn out well?the 6th image will probably turn out best, because of the good composition and focus. 

4. What technical aspects of photography (focus, exposure, composition) do you think are present in your best negative? What evidence can you provide from the appearance of the negative to support your answer?

  Focus, exposure, and good composition represent in my best negative. The subject isn't blurry and it's not too dark or too bright.

5. What advanced composition techniques (Ex: rule of thirds, leading lines) that you have learned in class are present in your favorite negative? The rule of thirds are in my favorite negative.

Photo Manipulation and ethics

A. Summarize the main points of the story in 1-4 sentences.
When dealing with the press, photo manipulation is taken very seriously. Not only can that get the photo editor fired, but It can cause a lot of scandal.

B. Explain why you think this type of photo editing is unethical or acceptable.
I think this type of photo editing is unethical because of the fact that it's lying to the viewer, the viewer will probably not know that the photo is altered and might get a different reaction to the edited photo than he probably would've had to the original photo.
2. Look through the example images on this page:

 I think this photo is the most unethical because of the fact that this never happened. So it's lying to the readers and can also stir up some rumors or gossip about a debate that never happened. It also includes the (back then) president of the United States, and the late Saddam Hussein and it's basically a political lie.

I don't think this one is as bad as the others because this really happened. They just got the man holding his kid from the other photo and put it on this one. So it's not really that bad of a manipulation.

Drug Cartels in Mexico

Juarez is a very dangerous place because of the fact that it's mostly run by the drug cartels. The photographer explains it himself when he first arrives to Juarez and the war between rival drug cartels in Juarez "An abandoned car sits in the Mexican desert outside Juarez, Mexico, the doors and trunk wide open. Under a blanket in the trunk is a body. Hands tied together. A bullet in the head." Many people are in danger, politicians, journalist, and even the civilians. Police officers often wear a ski mask during the day to conceal their identity and not put him or his family in danger. While other Police officers are actually working with the drug cartels. Every day there is a killing. The photographer explains how a day goes by in Juarez and how many people are getting killed "And then another body. And by the end of the day, it was 10. The next day, 10. The next day, 10." Newspapers are scared to print out stories involving the drug cartels. They are scared they might come out and kill whoever wrote the story. The easiest way to avoid the drug cartels is by not coming out at night, "the cartels own the night".  While the government has cracked down and arrested drug lords and other cartels they are worried that will only provoke and create more violence.

The photographer here uses the rule of thirds showing the sign on the side and the people on the side.
This is my favorite photo because it shows the people making an effort and voting for a better leader to help them in Juarez.